Fes

Fes or  Fez is the 2^nd biggest city in Morocco located in northern central Morocco and it is the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative state. With 1.22 million habitants (2020). Fez is located at a junction connecting the most interesting places to visit such as the Sahara desert, Tangier, Casablanca, Rabat, and Marrakech. Meknes…. Fez was set up under the ruling of al addressin around the eighth and ninth centuries. It was originally comprised of the autonomous and competing arrangement. Consecutive waves of mostly North African immigrants from neighboring countries in addition to Spain.  Behind the undoing of the Idrissi ancestry, other dynasties appear and disappear till the eleventh century when Youssef Ben Tachfin king of Almoravid unified the two communities into what are now old Medina (Fes Elblag) quarters. Under Berber Almoravid’s ruling, Fez earned recognition for religious grants and commercial activity. And reached its top in the era of Mirinids between the 13th-15th centuries, recovering its ranking as political and spiritual capital. Many mosques and religious Madrassas (Schools) were built, some still survive nowadays, although other establishments were rebuilt. These constructions are included among the features of Rifs and Berber architectural styles. The Berber king Yakoub El Mansour founded the royal administration district in the new part of fez In 1276, where the royal palace exists now, which substantial gardens that were recently planted. At the same time, the Jewish habitant of the city increased and their quarter called Mellah was constructed on the south side of this new part of the city.

After the toppling of the Marinid’s ancestry, Fez mainly decreased and afterward participate with Marrakesh for cultural and political effects, but endure as the capital till 1912 including the wattasids rule era.

nowadays, Fez comprises two old big parts, Fes Elbli also known as old Medina, and Fes El Jadid which is the new modern part of Fes, founded during the French colonization, but the old part of the city which is known as the old Medina is recognized as a world heritage site since 1981 and has many monuments inside such as:

• Qaraouyine University: was established in 859 and is thought to be the oldest steadily operating center of higher education in the globe.
• Shouwara Tannery: is considered to be one of the oldest tanneries on the earth and it the largest one in Morocco since the 11th century…
• Bonanza Madrassa: is a scriptural Muslim college. Constructed in the fourteenth century by the ruler you anan, it has imposingly large gates and splendid hand-carved decorated walls…
• Dar Lmakhzen: the Fes royal palace, is not open to the public but it deserves to be seen from the outside, it has a dramatic sight, with enormous gates made of gold and copper…
• Mellah: is a Jewish neighborhood where more than 250,000 Jews live. Before a lot of them leave to live in Israel…